![]() ![]() Effective pest management is critical for maintaining high yields in tropical crops where high temperatures and humidity promote pest growth and reproduction, resulting in severe crop losses (Lakshmi, 1993). The toxic pesticides have also shown to kill the vectors and pests that cause deadly diseases in humans (e.g., encephalitis, dengue fever, malaria, filariasis) (Dhananjayan et al., 2020). In general, pest infestations deplete the quality and quantity of agricultural products (both pre and post-harvest), accounting for ~45% of the annual food production (Abhilash and Singh, 2009). These pesticides are widely used in agricultural fields to increase crop yield, food product quality, and economic returns. They are used to control pests as well as as household preservatives. Pesticides are a broad category of organic and inorganic chemicals that include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, and soil fumigants. However, intensified agricultural development has resulted in a variety of environmental threats, including decreased soil fertility, increased acidification, nitrate leaching, weed species resistance to common weedicides, and decreased soil biodiversity (Verma et al., 2013). ![]() Farmers have adopted advanced technologies such as using hybrid seeds, systematic/intelligent irrigation practices, application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to meet the food targets (Rajmohan et al., 2020). Under such conditions, it will be difficult to increase crop yields in the future. Some of the major factors limiting financial and economic development in developing countries are scarcity of agricultural land due to industrialization, burgeoning human population, loss of food products due to natural calamities, pest infestation, and water crisis. The total amount of toxic compounds released into the air, water, and soil is approximately half a billion kilograms (Shukla et al., 2019). Pesticides are widely used in agriculture and household applications around the world. This review provides new insights on the research gaps and offers potential solutions for pesticide removal from the environment through the use of various microbe-mediated technologies. The use of advanced tools and omics technology in research can bridge the existing gap in our knowledge regarding the bioremediation of pesticides. There is currently a knowledge gap in this field of study because researchers are unable to gather collective information on the factors affecting microbial growth, metabolic pathways, optimal conditions for degradation, and genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes caused by pesticide stress on the microbial communities. Pesticide degradation rates are influenced by a variety of factors, including the pesticide's structure, concentration, solubility in water, soil type, land use pattern, and microbial activity in the soil. The biological process eliminates contaminants by utilizing microorganisms' catabolic ability. Biological approaches have proven to be a viable method for decontaminating pesticide-contaminated soils and water environments. physicochemical and biological, are currently being used throughout the world. To clean up pesticide contaminated sites, various technological strategies, i.e. Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, households, and industries however, they have caused severe negative effects on the environment and human health. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |